Arnar Birgisson, a former MSc student of mine who is now a PhD student at Chalmers, pointed out to me that last Thursday Gordon Brown issued a statement "recognising the “appalling” way he [Alan Turing] was treated for being gay." The piece of news may be found here.
It is understandable that Gordon Brown's statement focuses on Turing's work on breaking the German Enigma codes. However, I find it suprising that Turing's role in the development of computer science does not deserve any mention at all in the apology.
The statement ends as follows:
"So on behalf of the British government, and all those who live freely thanks to Alan’s work I am very proud to say: we’re sorry, you deserved so much better."
So long, and thanks for breaking the Enigma code, devising the Turing machine and the universal Turing machine, building some of the earliest programmable computers and all the rest.....
Papers I find interesting---mostly, but not solely, in Process Algebra---, and some fun stuff in Mathematics and Computer Science at large and on general issues related to research, teaching and academic life.
Saturday, September 12, 2009
Thursday, September 10, 2009
Nominations for the Gödel Prize 2010
The Call for Nominations for the 2010 Gödel Prize has been posted (see this pdf file). The 2010 Award Committee consists of Cynthia Dwork (Microsoft Research), Johan Håstad (KTH Stockholm), Jean-Pierre Jouannaud (INRIA and Tsinghua University; chair), Mogens Nielsen (University of Aarhus), Mike Paterson (University of Warwick) and Eli Upfal (Brown University). The deadline for nominations is 31 January, 2010.
I hope that the volume B community will nominate some excellent papers to give the very strong volume A papers a run for their money :-) What papers would you nominate? Post a comment with your favourite candidates. Perhaps you can garner some support for them, leading to an actual nomination for the prize.
I will try to post some suggestions myself when my list of things to do shrinks to an acceptable level. (Fat chance, alas.)
I hope that the volume B community will nominate some excellent papers to give the very strong volume A papers a run for their money :-) What papers would you nominate? Post a comment with your favourite candidates. Perhaps you can garner some support for them, leading to an actual nomination for the prize.
I will try to post some suggestions myself when my list of things to do shrinks to an acceptable level. (Fat chance, alas.)
Tuesday, September 08, 2009
Tom Henzinger: The First President of IST Austria
Last Sunday night I came back to Iceland after a thoroughly enjoyable stay in Bologna for CONCUR 2009, SOS 2009 and the 16th EXPRESS workshop. This was a welcome opportunity to see many friends and colleagues, letting alone visiting my home country and a pretty city like Bologna.
I hope to find some time to report on the conference, not least to pay tribute to the great work done by the local organizers and their team (with special thanks to Christian, Cinzia, Ferdinanda, Jacopo and Jorge). With the start of the teaching period approaching fast and a pile of chores to catch up on, here I'll just limit myself to mentioning a piece of news that I learned at the conference while discussing with Krishnendu Chatterjee. From 1 September, Tom Henzinger is the first President of the Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria in Klosterbeuburg. You can read the official press release here.
The aim of the institute, which is richly funded by the Austrian government, is "to become a world-class research center offering, by 2016, an international, state-of-the-art environment for approx. 500 scientists and doctoral students." This commitment to excellence and to basic research is witnessed already by the first few hires IST has made and things can only improve under Tom's presidentship.
I wish Tom and IST the best of luck. It is great to see Austria invest on basic research with the creation of such an institute, which is already bringing to Europe top-class scientists like Herbert Edelsbrunner (the only computer scientist to have won the National Science Foundation's Alan T. Waterman Award) and researchers of exceptional promise like Krishnendu. Moreover, it is really awesome to see one of us be chosen as the leader of such an institute.
In Bologna I also guessed correctly that Tom is the scientist with the largest number of papers during the first 20 years of CONCUR (21 papers overall). I have every reason to believe that Tom Henzinger will continue to contribute to research in concurrency theory even as president of IST.
I hope to find some time to report on the conference, not least to pay tribute to the great work done by the local organizers and their team (with special thanks to Christian, Cinzia, Ferdinanda, Jacopo and Jorge). With the start of the teaching period approaching fast and a pile of chores to catch up on, here I'll just limit myself to mentioning a piece of news that I learned at the conference while discussing with Krishnendu Chatterjee. From 1 September, Tom Henzinger is the first President of the Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria in Klosterbeuburg. You can read the official press release here.
The aim of the institute, which is richly funded by the Austrian government, is "to become a world-class research center offering, by 2016, an international, state-of-the-art environment for approx. 500 scientists and doctoral students." This commitment to excellence and to basic research is witnessed already by the first few hires IST has made and things can only improve under Tom's presidentship.
I wish Tom and IST the best of luck. It is great to see Austria invest on basic research with the creation of such an institute, which is already bringing to Europe top-class scientists like Herbert Edelsbrunner (the only computer scientist to have won the National Science Foundation's Alan T. Waterman Award) and researchers of exceptional promise like Krishnendu. Moreover, it is really awesome to see one of us be chosen as the leader of such an institute.
In Bologna I also guessed correctly that Tom is the scientist with the largest number of papers during the first 20 years of CONCUR (21 papers overall). I have every reason to believe that Tom Henzinger will continue to contribute to research in concurrency theory even as president of IST.
Sunday, July 12, 2009
CAV Award 2009
Does any of my readers know who received the 2009 CAV Award? The conference ended on July 2, but the web page has not been updated with that information.
Post a comment if you know who the recipient of the award was.
Post a comment if you know who the recipient of the award was.

Tuesday, June 30, 2009
A Look at my Crystal Ball
Let me make an attempt at predicting the winner(s) of the LICS Test-of-Time Award for 2009.
According to the rules of the award, the prize will go to a paper that was presented at LICS 1989 in lovely Asilomar. I was there as a second-year Ph.D. student and I presented a paper myself, but it was not award material.
The conference programme was really good and the award committee must have had a difficult choice. I do not know who will receive the award in mid-August, but let make a personal prediction: the award will be shared by the following two papers:
According to the rules of the award, the prize will go to a paper that was presented at LICS 1989 in lovely Asilomar. I was there as a second-year Ph.D. student and I presented a paper myself, but it was not award material.
The conference programme was really good and the award committee must have had a difficult choice. I do not know who will receive the award in mid-August, but let make a personal prediction: the award will be shared by the following two papers:
- Douglas J. Howe, Equality in lazy computation systems and
- Eugenio Moggi, Computational lambda-calculus and monads.
Tuesday, June 23, 2009
ICE-TCS Theory Day 2009
Last Friday, ICE-TCS hosted its fifth annual theory day. This is an event we organize each year to advertise TCS to the local scientists and students, usually in connection with visits by guests of the centre from outside Iceland. (The list of previous guest speakers includes Thomas Erlebach, Wan Fokkink, Ryan Hayward, Jan Kratochvil, Kim G. Larsen, MohammadReza Mousavi, Mogens Nielsen and Moshe Vardi.)
The programme for this year's event is here. We had a keynote address delivered by Zoltan Esik, who presented work on regular words and linear orders, which may be found in, e.g., this paper of his. The session devoted to algorithms saw two excellent talks by the Halldórsson brothers on algorithms for detecting genomic copy variations and on scheduling wireless networks. (The latter talk was based on a paper that will be presented at ICALP 2009.) The scientific programme was brought to a close by two talks by PhD students, who are the future of TCS. Paul van Tilburg (Eindhoven University of Technology, NL) described some of the results he has achieved in his research work so far, which aims at connecting the time-honoured theory of automata with the theory of processes. Matteo Cimini (a PhD student I am supervising with Anna Ingolfsdottir) explained the Curry-Howard isomorphism, which is one of the pearls of TCS, to all of us in a clear way.
The event was followed by wine, pizza and a social gathering. The only happening that marred our celebration of TCS is a 6% salary cut that was announced by our rector during the session in the programme devoted to algorithms.
"May you live in interesting times" says an old Chinese curse. These are definitely interesting times here in Iceland, alas. However, despite the lack of resources, ICE-TCS will try to keep waving the flag of TCS on the island as far as it can. If you happen to be in Iceland and you wish to drop by and give a talk in our seminar series, drop us a line.
The programme for this year's event is here. We had a keynote address delivered by Zoltan Esik, who presented work on regular words and linear orders, which may be found in, e.g., this paper of his. The session devoted to algorithms saw two excellent talks by the Halldórsson brothers on algorithms for detecting genomic copy variations and on scheduling wireless networks. (The latter talk was based on a paper that will be presented at ICALP 2009.) The scientific programme was brought to a close by two talks by PhD students, who are the future of TCS. Paul van Tilburg (Eindhoven University of Technology, NL) described some of the results he has achieved in his research work so far, which aims at connecting the time-honoured theory of automata with the theory of processes. Matteo Cimini (a PhD student I am supervising with Anna Ingolfsdottir) explained the Curry-Howard isomorphism, which is one of the pearls of TCS, to all of us in a clear way.
The event was followed by wine, pizza and a social gathering. The only happening that marred our celebration of TCS is a 6% salary cut that was announced by our rector during the session in the programme devoted to algorithms.
"May you live in interesting times" says an old Chinese curse. These are definitely interesting times here in Iceland, alas. However, despite the lack of resources, ICE-TCS will try to keep waving the flag of TCS on the island as far as it can. If you happen to be in Iceland and you wish to drop by and give a talk in our seminar series, drop us a line.
Thursday, June 11, 2009
Concurrency column for the June 2009 issue of the BEATCS
Last month I submitted the concurrency column for the June 2009 issue of the BEATCS to the editor in chief. The piece is entitled Deriving labelled transition systems --- a structural approach and has been contributed by Julian Rathke and Pawel Sobocinski.
The paper reports on recent results obtained by the authors in their ongoing research effort whose aim is to contribute to the development of a general theory for the systematic derivation of a labelled transition semantics for a process calculus from a simpler, non-structural, description of the reduction semantics.
I think that we can expect to hear further developments on this line of work soon, but the authors already have a good story to tell and the paper they contributed to the BEATCS witnesses this fact.
Thanks to Julian and Pawel for their efforts in putting this good paper together!
The paper reports on recent results obtained by the authors in their ongoing research effort whose aim is to contribute to the development of a general theory for the systematic derivation of a labelled transition semantics for a process calculus from a simpler, non-structural, description of the reduction semantics.
I think that we can expect to hear further developments on this line of work soon, but the authors already have a good story to tell and the paper they contributed to the BEATCS witnesses this fact.
Thanks to Julian and Pawel for their efforts in putting this good paper together!
Saturday, June 06, 2009
Announcing LIPIcs, a new series of electronic conference proceedings in computer science
I just saw the appended message on the concurrency mailing list. I think that it will be of interest to readers of this blog. Much is afoot in the area of open-access conference and workshop proceedings and I guess that several events will consider publishing their proceedings in this series.
----
Dear colleagues,
Following an initiative of the conferences STACS (http://stacs-conf.org) and FSTTCS (http://www.fsttcs.org/), to opt for non-commercial, electronic proceedings, the German conference center Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics (LCI) has decided to establish a new series of conference proceedings called Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs,http://www.dagstuhl.de/en/publications/lipics/ ). The objective of this series is to publish the proceedings of high-quality conferences in all fields of computer science. An Editorial Board is being instituted to oversee the selection of the conferences to be included in this series.
Details about joining this serie and about the editorial process can be found on-line, http://www.dagstuhl.de/fileadmin/redaktion/DROPS/LIPIcs/lipics_announce.pdf . The main features are as follows:
The proceedings in the LIPIcs series will be published electronically and will be accessible freely and universally on the internet, keeping the copyrights with the authors, and under an open access license guaranteeing free dissemination. To face the cost of electronic publication, a one-time fee will be required from the conference organizers. This fee will be kept to a minimum, intended to cover the costs of LCI, thanks in particular to a sharing of the workload between LCI and the conference organizers.
The LCI and the LIPIcs Editorial Board wish to attract the best conferences in computer science, and they hope you can encourage steering and program committees to join it!
----
Dear colleagues,
Following an initiative of the conferences STACS (http://stacs-conf.org) and FSTTCS (http://www.fsttcs.org/), to opt for non-commercial, electronic proceedings, the German conference center Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz Center for Informatics (LCI) has decided to establish a new series of conference proceedings called Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs,http://www.dagstuhl.
Details about joining this serie and about the editorial process can be found on-line, http://www.dagstuhl.de/
The proceedings in the LIPIcs series will be published electronically and will be accessible freely and universally on the internet, keeping the copyrights with the authors, and under an open access license guaranteeing free dissemination. To face the cost of electronic publication, a one-time fee will be required from the conference organizers. This fee will be kept to a minimum, intended to cover the costs of LCI, thanks in particular to a sharing of the workload between LCI and the conference organizers.
The LCI and the LIPIcs Editorial Board wish to attract the best conferences in computer science, and they hope you can encourage steering and program committees to join it!
Pascal Weil
LaBRI - CNRS
351 cours de la Libération
33405 Talence Cedex - France
pascal.weil@labri.fr
http://www.labri.fr/~weil
LaBRI - CNRS
351 cours de la Libération
33405 Talence Cedex - France
pascal.weil@labri.fr
http://www.labri.fr/~weil
Thursday, April 30, 2009
EPTCS, a new open access proceedings series
I have received the following message from Rob van Glabbeek, which I am very happy to post on this blog. I encourage readers of this blog to spread the announcement at their own institutions and to post it on their blogs, if they have any. I like to think that this new series of open access proceedings will offer the TCS community a good service. Of course, only time will tell whether this will happen, but I feel that the time is ripe for such initiatives in the TCS community. Spread the news!
With this posting, we are launching
Electronic Proceedings in Theoretic Computer Science (EPTCS)
a new international refereed open access venue for the rapid
electronic publication of the proceedings of workshops and
conferences, and of festschrifts, etc, in the general area of
theoretical computer science, broadly construed.
We do not charge authors or event organisers for electronic
publication in EPTCS in any way. If hard-copies of proceedings are
desired, event organisers have the choice of organising the printing
themselves or taking advantage of a standard contract we will make
with a printing house. Copyright on all papers is retained by the
author, and full-text electronic access to all papers is freely
available, without any need for registration or subscription.
Permanent archival of EPTCS publications is ensured by organising
EPTCS as an overlay of the Computing Research Repository (CoRR): see
arXiv.org. The content of EPTCS will be indexed by DBLP.
Only original papers will be considered for publication in EPTCS:
manuscripts are accepted for review by an EPTCS conference or workshop
with the understanding that the same work has not been published, nor
is presently submitted, elsewhere. However, full versions of extended
abstracts published in EPTCS, or substantial revisions, may later be
published elsewhere.
The submission and refereeing process is handled entirely by the
organisation of the conference, workshop or festschrift to which the
paper is submitted. Our editorial board carefully selects which
workshops and conferences can be trusted to select scientific papers
of quality only, and only those events will be granted a contract to
fill a volume of EPTCS.
Our editorial board consists of:
Luca Aceto Rob van Glabbeek Gordon Plotkin
Rajeev Alur Lane A. Hemaspaandra Vladimiro Sassone
Krzysztof R. Apt Matthew Hennessy Robert H. Sloan
Lars Arge Bartek Klin Wolfgang Thomas
Ran Canetti Evangelos Kranakis Irek Ulidowski
Luca Cardelli Shay Kutten Dorothea Wagner
Rocco De Nicola Nancy Lynch Martin Wirsing
Jose' Luiz Fiadeiro Aart Middeldorp Moti Yung
Wan Fokkink Benjamin Pierce
Further information can be found on our website:
http://eptcs.org/.
In the hope this initiative will benefit the theoretical computer
science community,
Rob van Glabbeek
(Editor in Chief)
Wednesday, April 01, 2009
Accepted Papers for LICS 2009
The list of papers selected for presentation at LICS 2009 is out. At first sight, it wasn't a great year for concurrency theory, but the programme looks very interesting as usual. Some of the papers I intend to check out when I can get my hands on them, and the dust settles, are, e.g.:
- Taolue Chen, Tingting Han, Joost-Pieter Katoen and Alexandru Mereacre. Quantitative Model Checking of Continuous-Time Markov Chains Against Timed Automata Specifications
- Joachim Parrow, Magnus Johansson, Björn Victor and Jesper Bengtson. Psi-calculi: Mobile processes, nominal data, and logic
- Frank Pfenning and Robert Simmons. Substructural Operational Semantics as Ordered Logic Programming
- Sumit Nain and Moshe Vardi. Trace Semantics Is Fully Abstract
- Udi Boker and Orna Kupferman. Co-ing Büchi: Less Open, Much More Practical
Monday, March 30, 2009
Abel Prize 2009 to Gromov
The IMU electronic newsletter has informed me that The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters has decided to award the Abel Prize for 2009 to Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov for "his revolutionary contributions to geometry". As his Wikipedia page clearly indicates, Gromov has received a host of other awards before.
Reading material on Gromov and his work is available here. Being unable to understand his technical work, I will limit myself to pointing out what people have said about him.
Here is what the great man says about his opus:
Does this mean that the "underlying thought" is carefully hidden in Gromov's papers? Shouldn't it be one of the author's duties in writing a paper to make the underlying thought apparent to the readers? What useful role can hiding the author's thoughts from the readers possibly have?
Anyway, we are surely in the presence of a giant of human thought, so kudos to him from a (hopefully) honest toiler.
Reading material on Gromov and his work is available here. Being unable to understand his technical work, I will limit myself to pointing out what people have said about him.
- "It is incredible what Mikhail Gromov can do, just with the triangle inequality." (Dennis Sullivan)
- "The works of Mikhail Gromov should be read until the pages fall off." (Marcel Berger)
Here is what the great man says about his opus:
The readers of my papers look only at corollaries, sometimes also at the technical tools of the proofs, but almost always never study them deeply enough in order to understand the underlying thought.
Does this mean that the "underlying thought" is carefully hidden in Gromov's papers? Shouldn't it be one of the author's duties in writing a paper to make the underlying thought apparent to the readers? What useful role can hiding the author's thoughts from the readers possibly have?
Anyway, we are surely in the presence of a giant of human thought, so kudos to him from a (hopefully) honest toiler.
Thursday, March 26, 2009
Introduction to CS
Today I attended a curriculum revision meeting at my school. In particular, two new courses were discussed, and I feel that their quality will be paramount to the possible success of the revision effort. The courses are Introduction to CS and Problem Solving. The aim of the former course is to introduce incoming students to the algorithmic way of thinking and its applications in CS, as well as to introduce them to basic programming skills. Historical remarks on, and context for, the material covered in the course will be given to put it into perspective.
Can any of my readers point out suitable textbooks for such a course and/or examples of courses you are familiar with that have a similar emphasis?
Any experience report on problem solving courses would also be most welcome. Thanks in advance!
Can any of my readers point out suitable textbooks for such a course and/or examples of courses you are familiar with that have a similar emphasis?
Any experience report on problem solving courses would also be most welcome. Thanks in advance!
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
ACM TOCL Seeks New Editor in Chief
I have received this announcement from Vladimiro Sassone (chairman of the steering committee for the ETAPS conference series), who received it from Joe Halpern. I am posting it here since it may be of interest to readers of this blog.
Nominations (including self nominations) are invited for the next Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (ToCL):
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tocl/.
The position is for a term (renewable once) of three years, starting on July 1, 2009.
Candidates should be well-established researchers in areas related to computational logic, broadly conceived, and should have sufficient experience serving on conference program committees and journal editorial boards. Nominations, including a current curriculum vita and a brief (one page) statement of vision for ToCL, should be sent to Joseph Halpern <halpern@cs.cornell.edu>, by May 1, 2009.
Final selection will be made by a Selection Committee, consisting of Joseph Halpern (chair -- Cornell University), Kryzsztof Apt (CWI), Prakash Panangaden (McGill University), and Gordon Plotkin (University of Edinburgh). Nominations received after May 1, 2009, will be considered up until the position is filled.
Thanks for your help,
Joe Halpern
Nominations (including self nominations) are invited for the next Editor-in-Chief of ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (ToCL):
http://www.acm.org/pubs/tocl/.
The position is for a term (renewable once) of three years, starting on July 1, 2009.
Candidates should be well-established researchers in areas related to computational logic, broadly conceived, and should have sufficient experience serving on conference program committees and journal editorial boards. Nominations, including a current curriculum vita and a brief (one page) statement of vision for ToCL, should be sent to Joseph Halpern <halpern@cs.cornell.edu>, by May 1, 2009.
Final selection will be made by a Selection Committee, consisting of Joseph Halpern (chair -- Cornell University), Kryzsztof Apt (CWI), Prakash Panangaden (McGill University), and Gordon Plotkin (University of Edinburgh). Nominations received after May 1, 2009, will be considered up until the position is filled.
Thanks for your help,
Joe Halpern
Thursday, March 05, 2009
Ed Brinksma Becomes Rector of the University of Twente
I recently saw this press release (in Dutch) to the effect that Boudewijn Haverkort has become the new director of the Embedded Systems Institute in Eindhoven. Congratulations to him for this appointment.
By browsing through the press release, I learned that from January 1, 2009, Ed Brinksma, the former director of ESI, is Rector Magnificus of the University of Twente. Congrats to Ed too!
Ed is the second (theoretical) computer scientist I know of who has become rector of a European university. The other is Furio Honsell, the first ever computer scientist to become rector of an Italian university.
Do you know of other (theoretical) computer scientists who are rectors of universities? And is it good for the (T)CS community that some of its members take up rectorships? I do think so, and for many reasons mostly related to academic politics, but I'd like to hear your opinion.
By browsing through the press release, I learned that from January 1, 2009, Ed Brinksma, the former director of ESI, is Rector Magnificus of the University of Twente. Congrats to Ed too!
Ed is the second (theoretical) computer scientist I know of who has become rector of a European university. The other is Furio Honsell, the first ever computer scientist to become rector of an Italian university.
Do you know of other (theoretical) computer scientists who are rectors of universities? And is it good for the (T)CS community that some of its members take up rectorships? I do think so, and for many reasons mostly related to academic politics, but I'd like to hear your opinion.
Thursday, February 26, 2009
A Socratic Dialogue on Theoretical Computer Science
The following piece will appear in a brochure aimed at future (post)graduate students that will be published by my university very soon. I am posting it here in case it may be of interest/use to any of the readers of this blog, and hoping that it won't hurt the cause of TCS too much. I was actually quite surprised that the PR office from my university did not send the piece back to me asking for a complete rewrite :-)
-----------------------
A Socratic Dialogue on Theoretical Computer Science
This dialogue takes place between 23:00 and 24:00 at the counter of the bar in a trendy night club. Alice and Bob have just met and they are sipping a glass of wine. The ice has already been broken and they try to find out more about each other.
Bob: I am a physicist. What do you do?
Alice: I am a computer scientist.
Bob: You are the first woman computer scientist I have met! There aren't many women who like to program or fix computers for a living, aren't there?
Alice and Bob collect their jackets and head out. A full moon was lighting the sky and heard Alice ask: "Do you know that coding theory allows us to perform error-free transmission of information to and fro the spacecrafts that we send out to explore the solar system and beyond? Coding theory is also a very active area of TCS...."
-----------------------
A Socratic Dialogue on Theoretical Computer Science
This dialogue takes place between 23:00 and 24:00 at the counter of the bar in a trendy night club. Alice and Bob have just met and they are sipping a glass of wine. The ice has already been broken and they try to find out more about each other.
Bob: I am a physicist. What do you do?
Alice: I am a computer scientist.
Alice: Well, actually I am a theoretical computer scientist.
Bob: (Not hiding a look of surprise on his face.) You must be joking! This surely is a contradiction in terms. There is little that is as practical as, and less theoretical than, computer science! Pardon me for saying so, but, as a scientist myself, I have some level of familiarity with computers, and I know from my daily experience that these machines have dramatically changed many aspects of my work and of my life. I really could not live without my iPod!
I have also read that what we are witnessing today is just the beginning of a digital revolution and that a population of 'effectively invisible' computers around us is embedded in the fabric of our homes, shops, vehicles, farms and some even in our bodies. However, computing is just a technology, not a science.
Alice: (With a smile on her face and sipping her wine.) You are not alone in thinking so. However, the information-technology revolution is a glaring example of how results from basic scientific research, having its roots in subjects such as mathematical logic and computability theory, which once looked very abstract and remote from actual application, lead to technological innovations that cause far-reaching transformations to our society. Because of computer science, logic is the most applied branch of mathematics today.
Bob: I am not easily convinced. What is Theoretical Computer Science (TCS)?
Alice: Let me rest on the shoulders of giants and quote Oded Goldreich and Avi Wigderson, two of the foremost (theoretical) computer scientists of our time:
Bob: Yes, I am aware that Nature itself "computes". It is not uncommon these days to see theoretical physicists discuss the information content of black holes or of the universe itself, or the feasibility and power of quantum computation or other computing principles from the physical world. But tell me, how do theoretical computer scientists work? What contributions has the field given to science?
Alice: (Her face becoming brighter with joy.) Research in TCS often starts from the desire to understand the properties of some notion of computation. In particular, we are interested in characterizing what algorithmic problems can be solved, in theory or in practice, using the chosen notion of computation. You know, computers look very powerful, and indeed they are. (Bob nods.) However, they are not omnipotent and there are many precisely formulated problems that they will never be able to solve. Characterizing the notion of computational process and showing the existence of unsolvable problems was one of the early breakthroughs of TCS around 1936, long before any computer existed! Since then, we have learned a lot about the notion of computational complexity of problems. Have you ever watched the TV show Numb3rs?Bob: (Not hiding a look of surprise on his face.) You must be joking! This surely is a contradiction in terms. There is little that is as practical as, and less theoretical than, computer science! Pardon me for saying so, but, as a scientist myself, I have some level of familiarity with computers, and I know from my daily experience that these machines have dramatically changed many aspects of my work and of my life. I really could not live without my iPod!
I have also read that what we are witnessing today is just the beginning of a digital revolution and that a population of 'effectively invisible' computers around us is embedded in the fabric of our homes, shops, vehicles, farms and some even in our bodies. However, computing is just a technology, not a science.
Alice: (With a smile on her face and sipping her wine.) You are not alone in thinking so. However, the information-technology revolution is a glaring example of how results from basic scientific research, having its roots in subjects such as mathematical logic and computability theory, which once looked very abstract and remote from actual application, lead to technological innovations that cause far-reaching transformations to our society. Because of computer science, logic is the most applied branch of mathematics today.
Bob: I am not easily convinced. What is Theoretical Computer Science (TCS)?
Alice: Let me rest on the shoulders of giants and quote Oded Goldreich and Avi Wigderson, two of the foremost (theoretical) computer scientists of our time:
TCS is the fundamental scientific discipline that aims at understanding general properties of computing, be it natural, man-made, or imaginary.
In fact, in some sense, the whole world of computing arose from Alan Turing's analysis of an imaginary computing device (the Turing machines you might have heard of) that he invented in order to understand the notion of mechanical computation. That imaginary device eventually gave birth to the computers of today and to the software that drives them. So computers arose as the answer to man's quest to understand computation, something that is around us in nature and in our artifacts.Bob: Yes, I am aware that Nature itself "computes". It is not uncommon these days to see theoretical physicists discuss the information content of black holes or of the universe itself, or the feasibility and power of quantum computation or other computing principles from the physical world. But tell me, how do theoretical computer scientists work? What contributions has the field given to science?
Bob: (Smiling) Sure, there is a cool physicist in it who walks around with Charlie Eppes.
Alice: (Smiling back) Good. Then you might recall that Charlie Eppes every now and again tries to solve the "P vs NP" problem. This is a problem from computer science that is one of the most fundamental mathematical problems of our time. It is one of the Millennium Problems of the Clay Mathematics Institute (in fact, it is the first such problem) and is the only one amongst them that, apart from its intrinsic scientific interest, has profound practical applications and even philosophical implications!
Bob: (Taken aback) What does that problem have to do with philosophy?
Alice: (Sensing victory) Well, there is a strong sense in which the solution of that problem would allow us to automate efficiently the creative process of finding solutions to a plethora of computational problems in many areas of science. Some people like to say that the "P vs NP" problem can be rephrased as asking whether creativity can be efficiently automated. People in my community tend to believe that the answer is no and that some computational problems are intrinsically hard to solve. Do you shop on line?
Bob: Sure I do, just like anyone else.
Alice: In fact, every time you submit your credit card number for an on-line purchase, you are implicitly trusting that a very basic mathematical problem, the time-honoured decomposition of a number into its prime factors, is computationally hard. The whole of cryptography is a very active branch of TCS.
Bob: Now you really have to tell me more. What are the typical questions people like you work on?
Alice: I am glad you asked, but I do not want to bore you too much.
Bob: (Laughing) Well the night is still young, and I feel that we are on the same wavelength. So, go ahead.
Alice: Well, some of my colleagues still work on understanding what can be possibly computed in principle or with certain bounds on the amount of the resources at our disposal. You know, some problems can in principle be solved using a computer, but in practice this would require more time than the age of the universe. Others develop increasingly sophisticated algorithms for solving computational problems. These are the algorithms that, for instance, allow you to search for a lot of the information you need using Google in less than no time, schedule many of the aspects of the daily life of our city as well as the timetable of the classes that we took at university. Do you drive a car?
Bob: Sure, but not tonight. (Laughs)
Alice: Well, the functioning of many of your car's features relies on the algorithms these colleagues of mine develop as well as on the analysis techniques that others have proposed for making models of the behaviour of the ABS system in your car, say, for describing its expected properties and for checking that the system affords the properties on your wish list. You do expect your car's airbag to inflate immediately after a crash, do you? (Alice smiles.)
Bob: Sure I do! (He smiles back.)
Alice: Then it's on the work of people like me your trust is based. And we haven't even started talking about computational learning theory, information theory, global computing and the design of the internet markets you use and inhabit. Did you know that thanks to innovations in learning theory developed by theoretical computer scientists automated search and data selection methods have become indispensable in a growing number of fields including yours? Computers can "learn"! And I have not yet told you about the theory of programming languages and the study of methods for describing what programs do when they compute.....
Bob: I think I need a little fresh air. Let's get out of here and take a walk. I am ready to hear your stories, but not in this noisy place.Alice: (Smiling back) Good. Then you might recall that Charlie Eppes every now and again tries to solve the "P vs NP" problem. This is a problem from computer science that is one of the most fundamental mathematical problems of our time. It is one of the Millennium Problems of the Clay Mathematics Institute (in fact, it is the first such problem) and is the only one amongst them that, apart from its intrinsic scientific interest, has profound practical applications and even philosophical implications!
Bob: (Taken aback) What does that problem have to do with philosophy?
Alice: (Sensing victory) Well, there is a strong sense in which the solution of that problem would allow us to automate efficiently the creative process of finding solutions to a plethora of computational problems in many areas of science. Some people like to say that the "P vs NP" problem can be rephrased as asking whether creativity can be efficiently automated. People in my community tend to believe that the answer is no and that some computational problems are intrinsically hard to solve. Do you shop on line?
Bob: Sure I do, just like anyone else.
Alice: In fact, every time you submit your credit card number for an on-line purchase, you are implicitly trusting that a very basic mathematical problem, the time-honoured decomposition of a number into its prime factors, is computationally hard. The whole of cryptography is a very active branch of TCS.
Bob: Now you really have to tell me more. What are the typical questions people like you work on?
Alice: I am glad you asked, but I do not want to bore you too much.
Bob: (Laughing) Well the night is still young, and I feel that we are on the same wavelength. So, go ahead.
Alice: Well, some of my colleagues still work on understanding what can be possibly computed in principle or with certain bounds on the amount of the resources at our disposal. You know, some problems can in principle be solved using a computer, but in practice this would require more time than the age of the universe. Others develop increasingly sophisticated algorithms for solving computational problems. These are the algorithms that, for instance, allow you to search for a lot of the information you need using Google in less than no time, schedule many of the aspects of the daily life of our city as well as the timetable of the classes that we took at university. Do you drive a car?
Bob: Sure, but not tonight. (Laughs)
Alice: Well, the functioning of many of your car's features relies on the algorithms these colleagues of mine develop as well as on the analysis techniques that others have proposed for making models of the behaviour of the ABS system in your car, say, for describing its expected properties and for checking that the system affords the properties on your wish list. You do expect your car's airbag to inflate immediately after a crash, do you? (Alice smiles.)
Bob: Sure I do! (He smiles back.)
Alice: Then it's on the work of people like me your trust is based. And we haven't even started talking about computational learning theory, information theory, global computing and the design of the internet markets you use and inhabit. Did you know that thanks to innovations in learning theory developed by theoretical computer scientists automated search and data selection methods have become indispensable in a growing number of fields including yours? Computers can "learn"! And I have not yet told you about the theory of programming languages and the study of methods for describing what programs do when they compute.....
Alice and Bob collect their jackets and head out. A full moon was lighting the sky and heard Alice ask: "Do you know that coding theory allows us to perform error-free transmission of information to and fro the spacecrafts that we send out to explore the solar system and beyond? Coding theory is also a very active area of TCS...."
Friday, February 20, 2009
February 2009 Issue of the BEATCS
The February 2009 issue of the Bulletin of the EATCS is now available, and is freely accessible to anyone interested in perusing it---as it should be for the bulletin of any professional organization whose aim is to further the development of its scientific area.
This issue of the Bulletin features the first contribution to a brand new column, The Algorithmic Game Theory Column, edited by Marios Mavronikolas. In a Greek relay team, Panagiota Fatourou takes over from him as the new editor of the Column on Distributed Computing, whose latest instalment is devoted to a piece on the theory of transactional memory.
There is much to read and enjoy, as usual. Readers might notice, however, that the Concurrency Column is missing. Mea culpa....
This issue of the Bulletin features the first contribution to a brand new column, The Algorithmic Game Theory Column, edited by Marios Mavronikolas. In a Greek relay team, Panagiota Fatourou takes over from him as the new editor of the Column on Distributed Computing, whose latest instalment is devoted to a piece on the theory of transactional memory.
There is much to read and enjoy, as usual. Readers might notice, however, that the Concurrency Column is missing. Mea culpa....
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
An Opinion Poll Related to the Bulletin of the EATCS
I append a questionnaire that I have helped put together in my role as chairman of the publication committee of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science. The questionnaire will be sent out to all the past and present members (so some of you will receive it via email soon), but I'd also like to have the opinion of people in TCS who have never been members of the association. So, if you have time and/or interest in this matter, I'd be happy to receive a filled questionnaire from you or simply your answers to some of the questions. Use the comments section for submitting your input.
In case you wish to have a closer look, the Bulletin is freely available from this web page.
Let me remind you that people who registered for ICALP 2008 become members of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science for a year. Becoming a member of the association is easy and cheap. See here.
--------------------------- QUESTIONNAIRE ------------------------
PART I: QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE POSSIBLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE BULLETIN OF THE EATCS
Note to the readers: Throughout the questionnaire BEATCS abbreviates Bulletin of the EATCS. Please return your answers in the comments section.
If you are already a member of the EATCS you will receive a copy of this questionnaire via email.
In case you wish to have a closer look, the Bulletin is freely available from this web page.
Let me remind you that people who registered for ICALP 2008 become members of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science for a year. Becoming a member of the association is easy and cheap. See here.
--------------------------- QUESTIONNAIRE ------------------------
PART I: QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE POSSIBLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF THE BULLETIN OF THE EATCS
Note to the readers: Throughout the questionnaire BEATCS abbreviates Bulletin of the EATCS. Please return your answers in the comments section.
If you are already a member of the EATCS you will receive a copy of this questionnaire via email.
- Do you think that the quality of the Bulletin of the EATCS (henceforth, BEATCS) has increased over the last five years? YES/NO/DON'T KNOW
- If your answer is YES or NO, please state the reasons behind your answer.
- Are you aware that the Bulletin of the EATCS is an open-access publication? YES/NO
- If your answer is yes, how did you learn that the BEATCS is open access?
- Do you think that the BEATCS should remain open access? YES/NO
- Does the open-access status of the BEATCS influence whether you are a member of the EATCS? YES/NO
- How often do you read the BEATCS? NEVER/ONE ISSUE per year/TWO ISSUES per year/ALWAYS
- What parts of the BEATCS do you read?
- What are your areas of scientific interest?
- Do you think that the present contents of the BEATCS cater for the need of its readers and of the new generations of the TCS community as whole?
- Is there any topic to which you think that the BEATCS should devote a new column?
- If you are missing something in the BEATCS, what is it and what are your suggestions?
- What do you think of the overall scientific quality of the columns in the BEATCS? VERY LOW/LOW/ACCEPTABLE/GOOD/VERY GOOD/EXCELLENT
- Is there any column that you find particularly good?
- In your opinion, is there any column whose quality needs to be improved substantially?
- What do you think of the overall scientific quality of the contributed research articles? VERY LOW/LOW/ACCEPTABLE/GOOD/VERY GOOD/EXCELLENT
- At present, the BEATCS has light reviewing for columns, in the sense that the column editor reviews contributions by guest columnists, and a rather informal reviewing of technical contributions by the Bulletin editor. Do you think that the BEATCS should strive to set up a more formal peer-review process for the contributions that are published as columns and/or for the technical contributions?
- Do you think that the BEATCS should be indexed regularly by DBLP, ISI, and MathSciNet?
- Should the BEATCS be transformed into a new journal-type publication with peer refereeing etc., and with most newsletter-style content transferred to the EATCS web site?
- What could the BEATCS learn from publications like CACM and the Notices of the AMS?
- To your mind, what is the flagship journal publication of the TCS community, i.e., the most representative journal mostly devoted to TCS?
- To your mind, is the BEATCS suitable as the flagship publication of the EATCS?
- To your mind, what is the most useful service that the BEATCS should provide to the TCS community?
- If you are a member of the EATCS, please state your main reasons for joining the organization.
- If you are not a member of the EATCS, Please state your reasons for not joining the organization.
- If you are missing something in the EATCS, what is it and what are your suggestions?
Friday, February 13, 2009
EATCS Award 2009 to Gérard Huet
The EATCS Award for 2009 will go to Gérard Huet. See the official announcement here. The Award will be assigned during a ceremony that will take place in Rhodes (Greece) during ICALP2009 (July 5-12, 2009).
The nomination singles out the following contributions by Huet.
The nomination singles out the following contributions by Huet.
Congratulations to Huet and to French TCS, which has given and still gives important contributions to our field.
- In the early 70's, Huet developed both resolution and unification for higher-order logic: these results have became the core of several modern systems that perform deduction in higher-order logic.
- Huet has done fundamental research in the areas of rewriting and Knuth-Bendix completion. His writings in this area are extensive and elegant. - Between 1982 and 1989, Huet directed and contributed to the design and implementation of the CAML functional programming language. That language and its descendants have given academics and industries an efficient and well structured programming language.
- In the 1990s, Huet and his students designed and built the first version of the Coq proof assistant. Today, Coq is one of the most used and trusted platforms for formalized mathematics and formal methods.
Friday, February 06, 2009
More Reading on Bibliometric Data
In a recent post, I advertised a critical note on the (ab)use of bibliometric data subscribed by all the members of the editorial board of the journal Mathematical Structures in Computer Science.
Similar concerns have been raised by others. See, e.g., the talk "Bibliometric Evaluation of Computer Science - Problems and Pitfalls" by Friedemann Mattern (Institute for Pervasive Computing, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich).
There is also a very interesting joint report from three mathematical boards, which is definitely worth reading.
Finally, the "Sector Overview Report from the Computer Science and Informatics Sub-Panel (UoA 23)" after the British nationwide "Research Assessment Exercise 2008" (available at http://www.rae.ac.uk) includes the following passage:
(The emphasis is mine and is not present in the original text.)
I hope that some of you will find these contributions interesting. I thank Catuscia Palamidessi and Vladimiro Sassone for pointing them out to me.
Similar concerns have been raised by others. See, e.g., the talk "Bibliometric Evaluation of Computer Science - Problems and Pitfalls" by Friedemann Mattern (Institute for Pervasive Computing, Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich).
There is also a very interesting joint report from three mathematical boards, which is definitely worth reading.
Finally, the "Sector Overview Report from the Computer Science and Informatics Sub-Panel (UoA 23)" after the British nationwide "Research Assessment Exercise 2008" (available at http://www.rae.ac.uk) includes the following passage:
We frequently found that citation counts were poorly correlated with the sub-panel’s assessment of the impact of the work examined. Citations also varied widely between research areas. For instance, much of the highly significant theoretical research, in which the UK is world leading, typically attracts low citation counts. Despite these low citations, the work is often found to have profound long-term impact on practical aspects of the field.
(The emphasis is mine and is not present in the original text.)
I hope that some of you will find these contributions interesting. I thank Catuscia Palamidessi and Vladimiro Sassone for pointing them out to me.
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